Transforming growth factor β inhibits bone morphogenetic protein-induced transcription through novel phosphorylated Smad1/5-Smad3 complexes.

In vivo cells obtain simultaneous alerts from a number of extracellular ligands and should combine and interpret them to reply appropriately. Here we examine

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MicroRNA-141 and -200a are involved in bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced mouse pre-osteoblast differentiation by targeting distal-less homeobox 5.

MicroRNAs (miRs) are endogenously expressed 18-25-nucleotide RNAs that regulate gene expression via translational repression by binding to a goal mRNA. Recently, it was indicated

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Constitutively activated ALK2 and increased SMAD1/5 cooperatively induce bone morphogenetic protein signaling in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a uncommon autosomal dominant dysfunction characterised by congenital malformation of the nice toes and by progressive heterotopic bone formation

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